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Crunch Chemistry

The ultimate A level chemistry resource

  • Fundamentals
    • Maths skills for chemists
    • Calculations for AS and A level Chemistry
    • Working with gases
    • Atoms and ions
    • Bonding and Structure
    • Environmental chemistry
  • Inorganic chemistry
    • Redox reactions
    • Explaining the chemistry of Group 2 metals
    • Explaining the chemistry of the Group 7, the halogens
    • Bonding in the nitrogen oxides and oxyanions
    • Trends in Period 3
    • Transition metal chemistry
  • Organic chemistry
    • How do organic reactions actually happen?
    • Stabilising carbocations through inductive and mesomeric effects
    • Alkanes and Crude Oil
    • Alkenes
    • Halogenoalkanes
    • Alcohols
    • Carbonyl compounds
    • Organic nitrogen compounds
    • Benzene and other aromatic molecules
  • Physical chemistry
    • Acids, bases, buffers and pH
    • Chemical equilibria
    • Electrochemistry
    • Enthalpy changes
    • Entropy
    • Reaction kinetics
    • Solubility
  • Analytical chemistry
    • How does electromagnetic radiation affect molecules?
    • Atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy
    • Mass spectrometry
    • Infrared spectroscopy
    • Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Mixed spectra long answer exam question practice
    • Everything you need to know about chromatography
    • Qualitative analysis
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Redox reactions

Oxidation and reduction reactions are the basis of understanding huge swathes of chemistry – from metal extraction (there’s a nice video of the microscale reduction of copper oxide here) to the chemistry of the halogens, from basic electrochemistry to fuel cells.

Oxidation and reduction

Rules for assigning oxidation states

Using oxidation states to write a half equation

Using half equations to write redox equations

Redox titration calculation practice

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