Calculations for AS and A level Chemistry
Being confident in tackling different types of mole calculation is the foundation upon which much of A level chemistry stands
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How to name an alcohol, an alkoxide or an ether
Alcohols are organic molecules containing the OH, hydroxyl, functional group and are named after their parent alkane … If the
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How to prepare a halogenoalkane
There are number of ways to make a halogenoalkane, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. Halogenation of
Experimental methods for following the rate of a reaction
Quenching We can stop a chemical reaction in its tracks using a practical technique called quenching. There are two ways
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What are autocatalytic reactions?
If we were to measure the change in concentration of a reactant over time and then plot a graph of
Reaction mechanisms, intermediates and the rate determining step
There are many reactions which happen as the stoichiometric (chemical) equation would suggest … e.g. the reaction between chlorine radicals
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Using the Arrhenius equation to find the activation energy for a reaction
For almost all reactions there is an energy barrier to overcome – this is known as the activation energy, Ea,
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Differential and integrated rate equations for first order reactions
The decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide is a first order reaction . 2N2O5(g) ⇾ 4NO2(g) + O2(g) The rate of the
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Half life and first order reactions
All first order reactions have a constant half life, t½, which means that the time taken for the concentration of
Rearranging equations to give straight line graphs in Chemistry
Graphs are one of the best ways we have to determine the quantitative relationship between an observed (plotted on the
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Understanding logarithms and natural logarithms in chemistry
A logarithm is simply the number of times we need to multiply one number together to make another number i.e.
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