Calculations for AS and A level Chemistry
Being confident in tackling different types of mole calculation is the foundation upon which much of A level chemistry stands
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The reactions of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides
Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides are derivatives of carboxylic acids. Acyl chlorides Acyl chlorides are made by chlorinating a carboxylic
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Making and breaking esters
Esters are a derivative of carboxylic acids and formed from the reaction between a carboxylic acid or an acyl chloride
Why are carboxylic acids acidic?
Carboxylic acids are weak organic acids. All acids are proton donors and the more stable the resulting anion (in this
Naming carboxylic acids and their derivatives
Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl functional group, -COOH, which is itself made from a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group.
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Aldehyde and ketone chemistry
Aldehydes and ketones are examples of carbonyl compounds. In an aldehyde the carbonyl group, C=O, is bonded to at least
Explaining the chemistry of the Group 7, the halogens
Group 7 consists of the elements fluorine, chorine, bromine, iodine and astatine, and they are known as the halogens. All
Continue readingExplaining the chemistry of the Group 7, the halogens
Explaining the chemistry of Group 2 metals
When we consider the elements of Group 2 we are invariably only investigating magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium. All isotopes
Everything you need to know about chromatography
Chromatography is all about separating a mixture into its constituents by distributing them between two phases – a mobile phase
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Oxidising alcohols to form a carbonyl
Primary and secondary alcohols are oxidised by common oxidising agents such as potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4, or acidified sodium dichromate(VI), Na2Cr2O7
What makes a good leaving group?
And why do some perfectly plausible reactions just not happen? Acyl chlorides readily react with hydroxide ions to form a