Amides and polyamides
Amides are another example of a substituted carboxylic acid, with the OH group replaced by -NH2, -NH-R or -N-R2 (where
Category: Organic chemistry
The chemistry of amines
Amines are examples of organic nitrogen compounds and we can think of them as substituted ammonia molecules since they have
Understanding the structure of benzene
Benzene, C6H6, is an aromatic organic molecule (the terms aromatic, arene and aryl compound are used interchangeably to classify benzene
The reactions of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides
Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides are derivatives of carboxylic acids. Acyl chlorides Acyl chlorides are made by chlorinating a carboxylic
Continue readingThe reactions of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides
Esters and polyesters
Esters are a derivative of carboxylic acids and formed from the reaction between a carboxylic acid or an acyl chloride
Why are carboxylic acids acidic?
Carboxylic acids are weak organic acids. All acids are proton donors and the more stable the resulting anion (in this
Naming carboxylic acids and their derivatives
Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl functional group, -COOH, which is itself made from a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group.
Continue readingNaming carboxylic acids and their derivatives
Aldehyde and ketone chemistry
Aldehydes and ketones are examples of carbonyl compounds. In an aldehyde the carbonyl group, C=O, is bonded to at least
Oxidising alcohols to form a carbonyl
Primary and secondary alcohols are oxidised by common oxidising agents such as potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4, or acidified sodium dichromate(VI), Na2Cr2O7
What makes a good leaving group?
And why do some perfectly plausible reactions just not happen? Acyl chlorides readily react with hydroxide ions to form a