Atomic orbitals, sub-orbitals and electron configurations
At GCSE we learnt that electrons are arranged in shells or energy levels around a central nucleus – the first
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Category: Fundamentals
Wavefunctions, quantum numbers and the atomic orbital
Wavefunctions and quantum numbers are the foundations of our current understanding of atomic structure, but this is advanced stuff, so
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Developing a classical model of the atom
We are all familiar with the ‘solar system’ model of the atom that we used at GCSE to explain the
Titration – experimental technique questions
Questions based on carrying out titration and interpreting the results are common both at AS and A level. Before we
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Advanced titration calculations
So now you are confident with run-of-the-mill, text book titration questions it’s time to tackle the types of question you
Basic titration calculations
You may have come across titration calculations at GCSE, and this post builds on that knowledge. The good news is
Working with concentration
It is assumed that you covered the basics of concentration at GCSE. Essentially, you need to be able to work
EXAM STYLE QUESTIONS – GAS CALCULATIONS
If you come unstuck working through the questions, leave a comment and I’ll get back to you. Good luck 😊!
Finding the mass of a volatile liquid
We can use the ideal gas equation to find the molar mass (relative molecular mass) of a volatile liquid. In
The ideal gas equation
The ideal gas equation is an amalgamation of Boyle’s law, Charles’s law and Avogadro’s law and it describes the behaviour