The ultimate A level chemistry resource
We know that relative atomic mass (Ar) is the average of (% abundance of an isotope x isotopic mass) for
Continue readingHow to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element from a mass spectrum
A mass spectrometer is able to very accurately determine the relative atomic mass of an element, by measuring the mass
The standard electrode potential for a half cell means exactly that – everything happening under standard conditions (298K, 100 kPa,
Continue readingUsing the Nernst equation to calculate the electrode potential of a half cell
Ecell⦵ (the maximum potential difference between two half cells) is measured when the reactants are under standard conditions (1.00 mol
The spontaneity or feasibility of a reaction can be described by both a positive Ecell⦵ value or a negative value
Redox titration questions are very popular on exam papers. They are usually set in an unfamiliar context and may require
Reactions are either endothermic or exothermic – the heat transferred during a chemical reaction is either moving from the system
Continue readingUsing bond enthalpies to calculate an enthalpy change of reaction
What is enthalpy exactly? An enthalpy change is the heat transferred at constant pressure by a chemical reaction Heat changes
Continue readingEnthalpy cycles, Hess cycles, thermochemical cycles
Determining either the enthalpy change of neutralisation, or the enthalpy change for a classic displacement reaction (they are pretty much
You can calculate an experimental value for the enthalpy change of combustion for a fuel very simply – this is