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Now it is time to introduce the concept of the equilibrium constant, Kc. Kc is basically a ratio – the
Continue readingHow to find the equilibrium constant and equilibrium concentrations for a reaction
When we have a chemical reaction that has reached a state of dynamic equilibrium, there will be one particular set
I’m sure you will all have seen a strip of magnesium burning in a Bunsen burner flame. It is a
If we dehydrate an alcohol, we are essentially removing a water molecule and the product will be an alkene. The
Continue readingElimination reactions – dehydrating an alcohol
The reaction of an alkene with water to from an alcohol is an example of a hydration reaction. The alkene
Continue readingElectrophilic addition in alkenes (3) – reaction with water to form an alcohol
The classic test for an alkene is to shake your sample with orange bromine water, and if the molecule contains
Continue readingElectrophilic addition in alkenes (2) – the bromine water test
The mechanism for addition polymerisation is another example of a radical reaction. Teflon (PTFE), famously known for its non-stick properties,
Continue readingMaking addition polymers by radical polymerisation
Polymers are long chain molecules made via addition polymerisation or condensation polymerisation – the result are all the plastics, fibres
Now that you have been introduced to the terminology and fundamental ideas of reaction mechanisms, it is time to focus
Continue readingElectrophilic addition reactions in alkenes (1)
Inductive and mesomeric effects both play an important role in determining how organic reactions happen through their abilities to stabilise
Continue readingStabilising carbocations through inductive and mesomeric effects