Developing a classical model of the atom
We are all familiar with the ‘solar system’ model of the atom that we used at GCSE to explain the
The ultimate A level chemistry resource
We are all familiar with the ‘solar system’ model of the atom that we used at GCSE to explain the
For a full understanding of why ionic compounds are soluble we need to consider both the enthalpy and entropy changes
This seems just the right moment to refresh your understanding of the different types off solvent so that you can
Quick answer? It’s all about competing strengths of attraction between ions, between ions and water molecules, between water molecules themselves
Born-Haber cycles are simply a fancy Hess cycle transposed onto an energy level diagram and we can use them to
We are all familiar with the classic picture of an ionic lattice – for example, for a compound such as
The change in Gibbs free energy, ΔG, is a convenient way to determine whether a reaction is spontaneous or feasible
A spontaneous or feasible process must be accompanied by a positive change in total entropy (entropy of the universe). Whether
Continue readingHow to determine whether a reaction is feasible
Why does water freeze when you place it in a freezer? Certainly not because the freezer sucks the heat out
Halogenoalkanes undergo substitution reactions in the presence of a nucleophile such as the hydroxide ion, OH–, but most good nucleophiles