Rules for assigning oxidation states
the oxidation state of an element is always zero the sum of the oxidation states of the elements in a
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the oxidation state of an element is always zero the sum of the oxidation states of the elements in a
Reactions in which both oxidation and reduction occur are called redox reactions. The acronym OILRIG might be familiar, reminding us
Reactions are either endothermic or exothermic – the heat transferred during a chemical reaction is either moving from the system
Continue readingUsing bond enthalpies to calculate an enthalpy change of reaction
What is enthalpy exactly? An enthalpy change is the heat transferred at constant pressure by a chemical reaction Heat changes
Continue readingEnthalpy cycles, Hess cycles, thermochemical cycles
Determining either the enthalpy change of neutralisation, or the enthalpy change for a classic displacement reaction (they are pretty much
You can calculate an experimental value for the enthalpy change of combustion for a fuel very simply – this is
Thermochemistry is all about the energy changes that happen alongside chemical reactions. Chemical reactions either release heat (exothermic) or
An indicator is used to follow the progress of an acid-base titration and the end point of the reaction is
Continue readingHow to choose an indicator for an acid-base titration
1. Strong acid – strong base titrations Imagine we are titrating a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid against a
Continue readingHow to explain the shape of a titration curve
A buffer is defined as a solution that is able to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid
Continue readingWhat is a buffer and how do I calculate its pH?