Intermolecular bonding
Understanding the different types of intermolecular bond is usually straight forward. Describing them in writing is not 😳. All intermolecular
Author: Sarah Parkes
Electronegativity and polar bonds
Electronegativity is the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons toward itself – we are typically talking
Giant covalent (macromolecular) networks and simple molecules
More good news! The properties of diamond and graphite and silicon dioxide have’t changed! On a more serious note though,
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Molecular orbital theory
This is the second modern theory of bonding, the first being valence bond theory. In molecular orbital theory covalent bonds
Modern theories of bonding – valence bond theory
Our familiar model of covalent bonding is largely based on the Lewis model, with atoms sharing pairs of bonding electrons
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Covalent bonding
Once again, showing how covalent bonds are formed using dot and cross diagrams is simpler at A level than at
Metallic bonding and properties of metals
Metal atoms find it fairly easy (in terms of energy) to lose their outer-shell or valence electrons. They have a
Writing ionic equations
An ionic equation describes the actual chemical reaction that occurs when two solutions are mixed and a precipitate forms (insoluble
Ionic bonding and ionic lattices
Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions – it is not the transfer of electrons from one
Interpreting the mass spectrum of an organic molecule
Mass spectrometry is a really powerful tool for helping us to piece together the structure of an organic molecule. Ionisation
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